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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

x      QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2014

OR

o         TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

Commission file number: 001-36080

Ophthotech Corporation

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

(212) 845-8200

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.  Yes x  No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).  Yes x  No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).  Yes o  No x

As of July 31, 2014 there were 33,486,578 shares of Common Stock, $0.001 par value per share, outstanding.

Table of Contents

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION

PART II—OTHER INFORMATION

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FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements that involve substantial risks and uncertainties. All statements, other than statements of historical facts, contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, including statements regarding our product development plans, strategy, future operations, future financial position, future revenues, projected costs, prospects, plans and objectives of management, are forward- looking statements. The words “anticipate,” “believe,” “goals,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “might,” “plan,” “predict,” “project,” “target,” “potential,” “will,” “would,” “could,” “should,” “continue” and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements, although not all forward-looking statements contain these identifying words.

The forward-looking statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q include, among other things, statements about:

·                  the timing, costs, conduct and outcome of our Phase 3 clinical trials of Fovista administered in combination with anti-VEGF drugs for the treatment of wet age-related macular degeneration, or AMD, including statements regarding the timing and the availability of, and the costs to obtain, initial top-line results from, and the completion of such trials and the timing of regulatory filings;

·                  our plans to further evaluate the potential benefit of Fovista in wet AMD in other clinical trials, when administered in combination with anti-VEGF drugs, and in other ophthalmic diseases and conditions with unmet medical need, including statements regarding the timing of the initiation of, and the costs to obtain and timing of receipt of initial results from, and the completion of related clinical trials;

·                  our plans to develop Zimura, including our plans to initiate a Phase 2/3 clinical trial evaluating the safety and efficacy of Zimura for the treatment of patients with geographic atrophy, a severe form of dry AMD, and a Phase 2 clinical trial evaluating the safety and efficacy of Zimura and Fovista administered in combination with an anti-VEGF drug for the treatment of certain forms of wet AMD, including statements regarding the timing of the initiation of, and the costs to obtain and timing of receipt of initial results from, and the completion of related clinical trials;

·                  the timing of and our ability to obtain marketing approval of Fovista, Zimura and other product candidates we may develop, and the ability of Fovista, Zimura and other product candidates we may develop to meet existing or future regulatory standards;

·                  our ability to maintain a successful collaborative relationship with Novartis Pharma AG, including the ability to achieve potential milestone payments;

·                  the potential advantages of Fovista and Zimura;

·                  the rate and degree of potential market acceptance and clinical utility of Fovista and Zimura;

·                  our estimates regarding the potential market opportunity for Fovista and Zimura;

·                  the potential receipt of revenues from future sales of Fovista and Zimura;

·                  our sales, marketing and distribution capabilities and strategy;

·                  our ability to establish and maintain arrangements for manufacture of Fovista, Zimura and other product candidates we may develop;

·                  our ability to in-license or acquire complementary products, product candidates or technologies;

·                  our intellectual property position;

·                  our expectations related to our use of available cash;

·                  our estimates regarding expenses, future revenues, capital requirements and needs for additional financing;

·                  the impact of governmental laws and regulations; and

·                  our competitive position.

We may not actually achieve the plans, intentions or expectations disclosed in our forward-looking statements, and you should not place undue reliance on our forward-looking statements. Actual results or events could differ materially from the plans, intentions and expectations disclosed in the forward-looking statements we make. We have included important factors in the cautionary statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, particularly in the “Risk Factors” section, that could cause actual results or events to differ materially from the forward-looking statements that we make. Our forward-looking statements do not reflect the potential impact of any future acquisitions, mergers, dispositions, joint ventures or investments we may make.

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You should read this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and the documents that we have filed as exhibits to this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q completely and with the understanding that our actual future results may be materially different from what we expect. We do not assume any obligation to update any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by applicable law.

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PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements.

OPHTHOTECH CORPORATION

Unaudited Balance Sheets

(in thousands, except share and per share data)

The accompanying unaudited notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

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OPHTHOTECH CORPORATION

Unaudited Statements of Operations

(in thousands, except per share data)

The accompanying unaudited notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

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OPHTHOTECH CORPORATION

Unaudited Statements Comprehensive Loss

(in thousands)

The accompanying unaudited notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

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OPHTHOTECH CORPORATION

Unaudited Statements of Cash Flows

(in thousands)

The accompanying unaudited notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

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OPHTHOTECH CORPORATION

Notes to Unaudited Financial Statements

(tabular dollars and shares in thousands, except per share data)

1.                       Business

Description of Business and Organization

Ophthotech Corporation (the “Company” or “Ophthotech”) was incorporated on January 5, 2007, in Delaware. The Company is a biopharmaceutical company specializing in the development of novel therapeutics to treat diseases of the back of the eye, with a focus on developing therapeutics for age-related macular degeneration, or AMD. The Company’s operations since inception have been limited to organizing and staffing the Company, acquiring rights to product candidates, business planning, raising capital and developing its product candidates. The Company operates in one business segment.

Liquidity

Since the Company’s inception, it has experienced significant cash outflows in funding its operations. The Company reported a net loss of $73.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2014 and $14.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2013.  As of June 30, 2014, the Company had an accumulated deficit of $256.2 million. To date, the Company has not generated any revenue from product sales and has financed its operations primarily through private placements of its preferred stock, venture debt borrowings, its royalty purchase and sale agreement with Novo A/S (the “Novo Agreement”), its initial public offering (“IPO”), which closed on September 30, 2013, a follow-on public offering, which closed on February 18, 2014, and its license and commercialization agreement with Novartis Pharma AG (the “Novartis Agreement”), which it entered into on May 19, 2014. The Company issued and sold an aggregate of 8,740,000 shares of common stock in its IPO at a public offering price of $22.00 per share.  The Company received net proceeds from the IPO of $175.6 million, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and other offering expenses. On February 18, 2014, the Company closed a follow-on public offering of 2,628,571 shares of common stock at a public offering price of $31.50 per share of common stock. The Company sold 1,900,000 shares and 728,571 shares were sold by selling stockholders. Net proceeds to the Company were approximately $55.4 million, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and other offering expenses. In May 2014, the Company received an upfront payment of $200.0 million in connection with a licensing and commercialization agreement with Novartis for the rights to commercialize Fovista, a product candidate currently in Phase 3 clinical trials, outside the United States. In connection with the receipt of the payment from Novartis, the Company made a milestone payment in June 2014 of approximately $19.8 million under one of its agreements.  The Company currently estimates that it will make income tax payments of approximately $29.5 million during the second half of 2014 relating to taxable income that resulted from the receipt of the $200.0 million upfront payment from Novartis and $41.7 million in proceeds from the Novo Agreement.   The Company has devoted substantially all of its financial resources and efforts to research and development and expects to continue to incur significant expenses and losses over the next several years. The Company’s net losses may fluctuate significantly from quarter to quarter and year to year.

To fully execute its business plan, the Company will need to complete certain research and development activities and clinical trials. Further, the Company’s product candidates will require regulatory approval prior to commercialization. These activities will span many years and require substantial expenditures to complete and may ultimately be unsuccessful. The Company expects to obtain initial, top-line data from its Phase 3 clinical program for Fovista in 2016. As of June 30, 2014, the Company had cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities of $452.5 million. The Company also had $318.7 million in total liabilities as of June 30, 2014, including long-term liabilities of $283.3 million relating to the Novo Agreement and deferred revenue associated with the Novartis Agreement. The Company believes its cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities will be sufficient to fund its operations and capital expenditure requirements, as currently planned, through the end of 2017.

The current Phase 3 clinical program for Fovista is expected to continue through at least 2017, and substantial expenditures to complete the Phase 3 clinical program will be required after the expected receipt of initial, top-line data and to fund the Company’s other development programs. The Company expects to continue to experience significant cash outflows until such time, if ever, as it can generate substantial product revenues. These cash outflows may be in excess of the Company’s existing capital resources and the Company may need to finance its cash needs through a combination of equity and debt financings, collaborations, strategic alliances and marketing, distribution or licensing arrangements. There can be no assurance that such funds will be available, or if available, on terms favorable to the Company. The Company faces the normal risks associated with a pre-commercial company, including but not limited to the risk that the Company’s research and development activities will not be successfully completed, that adequate patent protection for the Company’s technology will not be obtained, that any products developed will not obtain necessary government regulatory approval and that any approved products will not be commercially viable. In addition, the Company operates in an environment of rapid change in technology, substantial competition from pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies and is dependent upon the services of its employees and its consultants. The Company’s capital requirements will depend on many factors, including the success of its development and commercialization of its product candidates and whether it pursues the acquisition or in-licensing and subsequent development of additional product candidates. Even if the Company succeeds in developing and

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commercializing one or more of its product candidates, it may never achieve sufficient sales revenue to achieve or maintain profitability.

2.     Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited financial information as of June 30, 2014 and for the three and six months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013 has been prepared by the Company pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. The December 31, 2013 balance sheet was derived from the Company’s audited financial statements. These interim financial statements should be read in conjunction with the notes to the financial statements contained in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K (“Annual Report”) for 2013, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 11, 2014.

In the opinion of management, the unaudited financial information as of June 30, 2014 and for the three and six months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013, reflects all adjustments, which are normal recurring adjustments, necessary to present a fair statement of financial position, results or operations and cash flows. The results of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013 are not necessarily indicative of the operating results for the full fiscal year or any future period.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements and related disclosures in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and judgments that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. The Company bases its estimates and judgments on historical experience and on various other assumptions that it believes are reasonable under the circumstances. The amounts of assets and liabilities reported in the Company’s Balance Sheets and the amount of expenses reported for each of the periods presented are affected by estimates and assumptions, which are used for, but not limited to, accounting for share-based compensation, accounting for research and development costs and accounting for income taxes. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents. The carrying amounts reported in the Balance Sheets for cash and cash equivalents are valued at cost, which approximates their fair value.

Available for Sale Securities

The Company considers securities with original maturities of greater than three months to be available for sale securities. Securities under this classification are recorded at fair value and unrealized gains and losses within accumulated other comprehensive income. The estimated fair value of the available for sale securities is determined based on quoted market prices or rates for similar instruments. In addition, the cost of debt securities in this category is adjusted for amortization of premium and accretion of discount to maturity. The Company evaluates securities with unrealized losses to determine whether such losses, if any, are other than temporary.

Revenue Recognition

To date, the Company has not generated any revenue. In the future, the Company may generate revenues from a combination of product sales and license fees, milestone payments and research and development activity-related payments and royalties in connection with the Novartis Agreement. The terms of this agreement and other potential collaboration or commercialization agreements the Company may enter into generally contain multiple elements, or deliverables, which may include (i) licenses, or options to obtain licenses, to certain of the Company’s technology and products, (ii) research and development activities to be performed on behalf of the collaborative partner, and (iii) in certain cases, services in connection with the manufacturing of pre-clinical and clinical material. Payments to the Company under these arrangements typically include one or more of the following: non-refundable, up-front license fees; option exercise fees; funding of research and/or development efforts; milestone payments; and royalties on future product sales.

When evaluating multiple element arrangements, the Company considers whether the deliverables under the arrangement represent separate units of accounting. This evaluation requires subjective determinations and requires management to make

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judgments about the individual deliverables and whether such deliverables are separable from the other aspects of the contractual relationship. In determining the units of accounting, management evaluates certain criteria, including whether the deliverables have standalone value, based on the consideration of the relevant facts and circumstances for each arrangement. The consideration received is allocated among the separate units of accounting using the relative selling price method, and the applicable revenue recognition criteria are applied to each of the separate units.

The Company determines the estimated selling price for deliverables within each agreement using vendor-specific objective evidence (“VSOE”) of selling price, if available, third-party evidence (“TPE”) of selling price if VSOE is not available, or best estimate of selling price (“BESP”) if neither VSOE nor TPE is available. Determining the best estimate of selling price for a deliverable requires significant judgment. The Company uses BESP to estimate the selling price for licenses to the Company’s proprietary technology, since the Company often does not have VSOE or TPE of selling price for these deliverables. In those circumstances where the Company utilizes BESP to determine the estimated selling price of a license to the Company’s proprietary technology, the Company considers market conditions as well as entity-specific factors, including those factors contemplated in negotiating the agreements as well as internally developed models that include assumptions related to the market opportunity, estimated development costs, probability of success and the time needed to commercialize a product candidate pursuant to the license. In validating the Company’s best estimate of selling price, the Company evaluates whether changes in the key assumptions used to determine the best estimate of selling price will have a significant effect on the allocation of arrangement consideration among multiple deliverables.

When management believes the license to its intellectual property and products has stand-alone value, the Company generally recognizes revenue attributed to the license upon delivery. When management believes such a license does not have stand-alone value from the other deliverables to be provided in the arrangement, the Company generally recognizes revenue attributed to the license on a straight-line basis over the Company’s contractual or estimated performance period, which is typically the term of the Company’s research and development obligations. If management cannot reasonably estimate when the Company’s performance obligation ends, then revenue is deferred until management can reasonably estimate when the performance obligation ends. The periods over which revenue should be recognized are subject to estimates by management and may change over the course of the research and development agreement. Such a change could have a material impact on the amount of revenue the Company records in future periods.

At the inception of arrangements that include milestone payments, the Company evaluates whether each milestone is substantive and at risk to both parties on the basis of the contingent nature of the milestone. This evaluation includes an assessment of whether (a) the consideration is commensurate with either (1) the entity’s performance to achieve the milestone, or (2) the enhancement of the value of the delivered item(s) as a result of a specific outcome resulting from the entity’s performance to achieve the milestone, (b) the consideration relates solely to past performance, and (c) the consideration is reasonable relative to all of the deliverables and payment terms within the arrangement. The Company evaluates factors such as the scientific, regulatory, commercial and other risks that must be overcome to achieve the respective milestone, the level of effort and investment required to achieve the respective milestone and whether the milestone consideration is reasonable relative to all deliverables and payment terms in the arrangement in making this assessment.

The Company aggregates its milestones into three categories: (i) clinical and development milestones, (ii) regulatory milestones, and (iii) commercial milestones. Clinical and development milestones are typically achieved when a product candidate advances into a defined phase of clinical research or completes such phase. Regulatory milestones are typically achieved upon acceptance of the submission for marketing approval of a product candidate or upon approval to market the product candidate by the FDA or other global regulatory authorities. For example, a milestone payment may be due to the Company upon the FDA’s acceptance of an NDA. Commercial milestones are typically achieved when an approved pharmaceutical product reaches certain defined levels of net sales by the licensee, such as when a product first achieves global sales or annual sales of a specified amount.

Revenues from clinical and development and regulatory milestone payments, if the milestones are deemed substantive and the milestone payments are nonrefundable, are recognized upon successful accomplishment of the milestones. With regard to the Novartis Agreement, the Company has concluded that the clinical and development milestones and certain regulatory milestones are not substantive and that the regulatory approval milestones are substantive. Milestones payments received that are not considered substantive are included in the allocable arrangement consideration and are recognized as revenue in proportion to the relative-selling price allocation established at the inception of the arrangement. Revenues from commercial milestone payments are accounted for as royalties and are recorded as revenue upon achievement of the milestone, assuming all other revenue recognition criteria are met.

Concentration of Credit Risk

The Company’s financial instruments that are exposed to concentration of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents and available for sale securities. The Company maintains its cash in bank accounts, which, at times exceed federally insured limits. The Company maintains its cash equivalents in U.S. Treasury securities with maturities less than three months and in money market funds that invest primarily in U.S. Treasury securities.

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The Company’s available for sale securities are also invested in U.S. Treasury securities. The Company has not recognized any losses from credit risks on such accounts during any of the periods presented. The Company believes it is not exposed to significant credit risk on its cash, cash equivalents and available for sale securities.

Foreign Currency Translation

The Company maintains a bank account in a foreign currency. The Company considers the U.S. dollar to be its functional currency. Expenses are translated at the exchange rate on the date the expense is incurred. The effect of exchange rate fluctuations on translating foreign currency assets and liabilities into U.S. dollars is included in the Statements of Operations. Foreign exchange transaction gains and losses are included in the results of operations and are not material in the Company’s financial statements.

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment, which consists mainly of furniture and fixtures, computers and other equipment, and leasehold improvements, are carried at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is computed over the estimated useful lives of the respective assets, generally five to ten years, using the straight-line method.

Research and Development

Research and development expenses consist of costs associated with the development and clinical testing of Fovista, an anti-Platelet Derived Growth Factor (“PDGF”) aptamer the Company is developing for use in combination with anti-VEGF drugs for treatment of wet age-related macular degeneration, or wet AMD, and Zimura, an inhibitor of complement factor C5 the Company is developing with a focus on treatment of patients with geographic atrophy, a severe form of dry AMD. Research and development expenses consist of:

·                          external research and development expenses incurred under arrangements with third parties, such as contract research organizations, (“CROs”) and other vendors, contract manufacturing organizations and consultants; and

·                          employee-related expenses, including salaries, benefits, travel and share-based compensation expense.

Research and development costs also include costs of acquired product licenses and related technology rights where there is no alternative future use, prototypes used in research and development, consultant fees and amounts paid to collaborative partners.

All research and development costs are charged to operations as incurred in accordance with ASC Topic 730, Research and Development. The Company accounts for non-refundable advance payments for goods and services that will be used in future research and development activities as expenses when the service has been performed or when the goods have been received, rather than when the payment is made.

The Company anticipates that it will continue to incur significant research and development expenses in connection with conducting its pivotal Phase 3 clinical program for Fovista and if such trials are successful, seeking marketing approval for Fovista. The Company also anticipates that its research and development expenses will increase as a result of its plan to initiate a Phase 2/3 clinical trial to evaluate the safety and efficacy of Zimura in patients with geographic atrophy in late 2014 or early 2015. In addition, the Company also expects its research and development expenses to increase as it further evaluates the potential benefit of Fovista in wet AMD, when administered in combination with anti-VEGF drugs, and in other ophthalmic diseases and conditions with unmet medical need, and pursues an additional planned clinical trial evaluating Zimura and Fovista administered in combination with an anti-VEGF drug for the treatment of anti-VEGF resistant wet AMD patients who are believed to have complement mediated inflammation. The Company expects these expenses to increase as patient enrollment increases in these trials.

Income Taxes

The Company utilizes the liability method of accounting for deferred income taxes, as set forth in ASC 740-10, Income Taxes-Overall. Under this method, deferred tax liabilities and assets are recognized for the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between the carrying amounts and the tax basis of assets and liabilities. The Company’s U.S. federal net operating losses have occurred since its inception in 2007 and as such, tax years subject to potential tax examination could apply from that date because carrying-back net operating loss opens the relevant year to audit.

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Share-Based Compensation

The Company follows the provisions of the ASC 718, Compensation—Stock Compensation which requires the measurement and recognition of compensation expense for all share-based payment awards made to employees and non-employee directors, including employee stock options. Share-based compensation expense is based on the grant date fair value estimated in accordance with the provisions of ASC 718 and is generally recognized as an expense over the requisite service period.

The Company estimates the fair value of stock options granted to employees on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. Due to the lack of trading history, the Company’s computation of stock-price volatility is based on the volatility rates of comparable publicly held companies over a period equal to the expected term of the options granted by the Company. The Company’s computation of expected term is determined using the “simplified” method which is the midpoint between the vesting date and the end of the contractual term. The Company believes that it does not have sufficient reliable exercise data in order to justify the use of a method other than the “simplified” method of estimating the expected exercise term of employee stock option grants. The Company has paid no dividends to stockholders. The risk-free interest rate is based on the zero-coupon U.S. Treasury yield at the date of grant for a term equivalent to the expected term of the option.

For stock options granted as consideration for services rendered by non-employees, the Company recognizes expense in accordance with the requirements of ASC 505-50, Equity Based Payments to Non-Employees. Non-employee option grants that do not vest immediately upon grant are recorded as an expense over the vesting period of the underlying stock options. At the end of each financial reporting period prior to vesting, the value of these options, as calculated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model, will be re-measured using the fair value of the Company’s common stock and the non-cash expense recognized during the period will be adjusted accordingly. Since the fair value of options granted to non-employees is subject to change in the future, the amount of the future expense will include fair value re-measurements until the stock options are fully vested.

Share-based compensation expense includes stock options and restricted stock units granted to employees and non-employees and has been reported in the Company’s Statements of Operations as follows:

JOBS Act

As an “emerging growth company” under the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012, the Company can take advantage of an extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards. This allows an emerging growth company to delay the adoption of certain accounting standards until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies.  The Company has elected to delay the adoption of such new or revised accounting standards. As a result of this election, the Company’s financial statements may not be comparable to the financial statements of other public companies. Commencing January 1, 2015, the Company will no longer qualify for such status and will need to comply with all new or revised accounting standards applicable to other public companies. The Company does not expect this prospective change in status to have a material impact on the Company’s 2015 financial position or results of operations.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In May 2014, the FASB issued Accounting Stands Update No. 2014-09,”Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606),” (“ASU 2014-09”). ASU 2014-09 outlines a new, single comprehensive model for entities to use in accounting for revenue arising from contracts with customers and supersedes most current revenue recognition guidance, including industry-specific guidance. This new revenue recognition model provides a five-step analysis in determining when and how revenue is recognized. The new model will require revenue recognition to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration a company expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. ASU 2014-09 is effective for public entities for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016 and interim periods within those periods. Early adoption is not permitted. Companies may use either a full retrospective or a modified retrospective approach to adopt ASU 2014-09.  The Company is currently assessing the impact that adopting this new accounting guidance will have on its consolidated financial statements and footnote disclosures.

In June 2014, the FASB issued Accounting Stands Update No. 2014-10, “Development Stage Entities (Topic 915): Elimination of Certain Financial Reporting Requirements, including an Amendment to Variable Interest Entities Guidance in Topic 810 Consolidation” (“ASU 2014-10”).  The objective of the amendments in ASU No. 2014-10 is to improve financial reporting by

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reducing the cost and complexity associated with the incremental reporting requirements for development stage entities.  The amendments in ASU 2014-10 will be effective prospectively for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2014, and interim periods within those annual periods, however early adoption is permitted. The Company evaluated and elected early adoption of ASU 2014-10 for this filing.

In February 2013, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2013-02, Comprehensive Income: Reporting of Amounts Reclassified Out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (“ASU 2013-02”). ASU 2013-02 requires an entity to present the effect of certain significant reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive income on the respective line items in net income. The amendments in ASU 2013-02 do not change the items that must be reported in other comprehensive income or when an item of other comprehensive income must be reclassified to net income. ASU 2013-02 is effective for public companies on a prospective basis for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2012 and for new public companies and for non-public companies for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2013. The Company adopted this pronouncement on January 1, 2014. The Company has not reclassified any components of comprehensive income into net income for the periods presented. ASU 2013-02 requires only additional presentation and as such, there was no impact to the Company’s results of operations or financial position upon adoption.

3.                      Capitalization

On September 9, 2013, the Company effected a one-for-5.9 reverse stock split of its common stock. All share and per share data (except par value) related to common stock, options and warrants included in these financial statements and accompanying notes have been adjusted to reflect the reverse stock split for all periods presented.

On September 30, 2013, the Company closed its initial public offering of 8,740,000 shares of common stock at a price of $22.00 per share. The net proceeds to the Company were $175.6 million, after deducting underwriters’ discounts and commissions and other offering expenses.  In connection with the closing of the IPO, all of the Company’s shares of redeemable convertible preferred stock outstanding at the time of the offering were automatically converted into 21,038,477 shares of common stock.

On February 18, 2014, the Company closed a follow-on public offering of 2,628,571 shares of common stock at a public offering price of $31.50 per share of common stock. The Company sold 1,900,000 shares and 728,571 shares were sold by selling stockholders, 342,857 of which were sold by the selling stockholders upon the full exercise by the underwriters of their option to purchase additional shares in the follow-on public offering. Net proceeds to the Company were approximately $55.4 million, after deducting underwriters’ discounts and commissions and other offering expenses. The Company did not receive any proceeds from the sale of shares by the selling stockholders in the follow-on public offering.

4.                       Net Loss Per Common Share

Basic and diluted net loss per common share is determined by dividing net loss applicable to common stockholders by the weighted average common shares outstanding during the period. For the periods where there is a net loss attributable to common shareholders, the outstanding shares of preferred stock, stock options, and warrants have been excluded from the calculation of diluted loss per common share because their effect would be anti-dilutive. Therefore, the weighted average shares used to calculate both basic and diluted loss per share would be the same. The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net loss per share for the periods indicated:

The following potentially dilutive securities have been excluded from the computations of diluted weighted average shares outstanding for the periods presented, as they would be anti-dilutive:

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5.                       Cash, Cash Equivalents and Available for Sale Securities

The Company considers all highly liquid investments purchased with original maturities at the date of purchase of three months or less to be cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents included cash of $4.5 million and $6.8 million at June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively. Cash and cash equivalents at June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013 also included investments of $244.0 million and $203.8 million, respectively, in U.S. Treasury securities with original maturities of less than three months and in money market funds that invest in U.S. Treasury Securities.

At June 30, 2014, the Company held available for sale securities with a fair value totaling $204.0 million. These available for sale securities consisted of U.S. Treasury securities. At June 30, 2014, $188.7 million of the available for sale securities had maturities less than one year, and $15.3 million had maturities of greater than one year. The Company evaluates securities with unrealized losses, if any, to determine whether such losses are other than temporary. The Company has determined that there were no other than temporary declines in fair values of its investments as of June 30, 2014. As of December 31, 2013, the Company did not hold any available for sale securities.

Available for sale securities, including carrying value and estimated fair values, are summarized as follows:

6.                       Licensing and Commercialization Agreement with Novartis Pharma AG

On May 19, 2014, the Company entered into a Licensing and Commercialization Agreement with Novartis Pharma AG (the “Novartis Agreement”).  Under the Novartis Agreement, the Company granted Novartis exclusive rights under specified patent rights, know-how and trademarks controlled by the Company to manufacture, from bulk active pharmaceutical ingredient supplied by the Company, standalone Fovista products and products combining Fovista with an anti-VEGF product to which Novartis has rights in a co-formulated product, for the treatment, prevention, cure or control of any human disease, disorder or condition of the eye, and to develop and commercialize those licensed products in all countries outside of the United States (the “Novartis Territory”). The Company has agreed to use commercially reasonable efforts to complete its ongoing pivotal Phase 3 clinical program for Fovista and Novartis has agreed to use commercially reasonable efforts to develop a standalone Fovista product and a co-formulated product containing Fovista and an anti-VEGF product to which Novartis has rights, as well as a pre-filled syringe presentation of such products and to use commercially reasonable efforts, subject to obtaining marketing approval, to commercialize licensed products in the Novartis Territory in accordance with agreed development and marketing plans. Novartis has also granted the Company options, subject to specified limitations, and to the extent such rights are controlled by Novartis, to obtain exclusive rights from Novartis to develop and commercialize in the United States the co-formulated and pre-filled syringe products developed by Novartis.  The Company and Novartis have each granted the other options, subject to specified limitations, to obtain access to study data from certain clinical trials of licensed products that the Company or Novartis may conduct, including for use by the other in regulatory filings in its territory. The Company has agreed to exclusively supply Novartis, and Novartis has agreed to exclusively purchase from the Company, its clinical and commercial requirements for the bulk active pharmaceutical ingredient in Fovista for use in licensed products in the Novartis Territory.  The Company has agreed not to commercialize any product comprising Fovista or any other anti-PDGF product in the ophthalmic field in the Novartis Territory.

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Novartis paid the Company a $200.0 million upfront fee upon execution of Novartis Agreement.  Novartis is also obligated to pay the Company up to an aggregate of $130.0 million if the Company achieves specified patient enrollment milestones for its ongoing pivotal Phase 3 clinical program for Fovista, and up to an aggregate of an additional $300.0 million upon achievement of specified regulatory approval milestones, including reimbursement approval, in certain countries in the Novartis Territory.  In addition, Novartis has agreed to pay the Company up to an aggregate of an additional $400.0 million if Novartis achieves specified sales milestones in the Novartis Territory. Novartis also is obligated to pay the Company royalties with respect to standalone Fovista products and combination Fovista products that Novartis successfully commercializes.  The Company will receive royalties at a mid-thirties percentage of net sales of standalone Fovista products and a royalty of approximately equal value for sales of combination Fovista products. Such royalties are subject to customary deductions, credits, and reductions for lack of patent coverage or market exclusivity. Novartis’s obligation to pay such royalties will continue on a licensed product-by-licensed product and country-by-country basis until Novartis’s last actual commercial sale of such licensed product in such country.

Novartis has agreed to pay the Company’s manufacturing costs plus a specified percentage margin for supplies of the bulk active pharmaceutical ingredient in Fovista that the Company supplies to Novartis.  If the Company or Novartis exercises each of their respective rights to obtain access to study data from clinical trials conducted by the other party, the party exercising the option will be obligated to pay the other party’s associated past development costs and share with such other party any future associated development costs.  If the Company exercises its option to obtain Novartis-controlled rights to develop, manufacture and commercialize any co-formulated Fovista product in the United States, the Company will be obligated to pay a specified percentage of Novartis’s associated past development costs and share with Novartis any future associated development costs.  The Company and Novartis will also need to negotiate and agree on financial and other terms that would apply to such rights. If the Company exercises its option to obtain Novartis-controlled rights to develop and commercialize a pre-filled syringe product in the United States, the Company will be obligated to either enter into a supply agreement with Novartis under which the Company will pay Novartis its manufacturing cost plus a specified percentage margin for supplies of Fovista products in pre-filled syringes that Novartis supplies to the Company, or obtain supplies of products in pre-filled syringes from a third party manufacturer and pay Novartis a low single-digit percentage of the Company’s net sales of such products.

The Company has retained control over the design and execution of its pivotal Phase 3 clinical program for Fovista and remains responsible for funding the costs of that program, subject to Novartis’s responsibility to provide Lucentis, an anti-VEGF agent to which Novartis has rights in the Novartis Territory, for use in the Phase 3 trials in the Novartis Territory following the effective date of the Novartis Agreement.  Novartis will have control over, and will be responsible for the costs of, all other clinical trials that may be required to obtain marketing approvals in the Novartis Territory for licensed products under the agreement.   Novartis is also responsible for costs associated with co-formulation development, pre-filled syringe development and other development costs in the Novartis Territory, excluding regulatory filing fees in the European Union for the standalone Fovista product, for which the Company will be responsible.

The Novartis Agreement, unless earlier terminated by the Company or Novartis, will expire upon the expiration of Novartis’s obligation to pay the Company royalties on net sales of licensed products.  The Company and Novartis each may terminate the Novartis Agreement if the other party materially breaches the agreement and does not cure such breach within a specified cure period, if the other party experiences any specified insolvency event, if the other party challenges or assists a third party in challenging the validity or enforceability of certain patent rights controlled by the terminating party, or if the parties are prevented in any manner that materially adversely affects the progression of the development or commercialization of licensed products for a specified period as a result of specified governmental actions.  Novartis may terminate the Novartis Agreement at any time without cause, or within a specified period after a change in control of the Company, as defined in the Novartis Agreement, or for specified safety reasons, effective at the end of a specified period following Novartis’s written notice to the Company of Novartis’s election to terminate the agreement.  The Company may also terminate the agreement if Novartis determines to seek marketing approval of an alternative anti-PDGF product in the Novartis Territory as more fully described below. If the Company elects to terminate the Novartis Agreement because specified governmental actions prevent the parties from materially progressing the development or commercialization of licensed products as described above, the Company will be required to pay a substantial termination fee, with the specific amount of such fee determined based on the effective date of the termination. Following any termination, all rights to Fovista that the Company granted to Novartis, including, without limitation, the right to commercialize standalone Fovista products in the Novartis Territory, will revert to the Company, Novartis will perform specified activities in connection with transitioning to the Company the rights and responsibilities for the continued development, manufacture and commercialization of the standalone Fovista product for countries in the Novartis Territory, and the parties will cooperate on an orderly wind down of development and commercialization activities for other licensed products in the Novartis Territory.

Novartis has agreed to specified limitations on its ability to in-license, acquire or commercialize any anti-PDGF product that does not contain Fovista (an “Alternative Anti-PDGF Product”) in the Novartis Territory and, to the extent Novartis develops, in-licenses or acquires such a product, to make such product available to the Company in the United States under specified option conditions.  If the Company exercises its option, the Company will be obligated to make certain payments to Novartis, including

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specified milestone and royalty payments.  The amounts of such payments will vary based on the product’s stage of clinical development at the time the Company exercise its option, whether the product is a standalone or combination product and whether Novartis exercises an option to co-promote such product in the United States. If Novartis determines to seek marketing approval of an Alternative Anti-PDGF Product in the Novartis Territory, the Company will, subject to specified limitations, have the option to terminate the Novartis Agreement, convert Novartis’s exclusive licenses into non-exclusive licenses, or elect to receive a royalty on sales of such product by Novartis.  If the Company elects to terminate the Novartis Agreement, Novartis will, subject to specified limitations, be required to pay to the Company, certain payments based on achievement, with respect to such product, of the milestones that would have otherwise applied to licensed products under the Novartis Agreement.

Activities under the licensing and commercialization Novartis Agreement were evaluated under ASC 605-25, Revenue Recognition—Multiple Element Arrangements (“ASC 605-25”) (as amended by ASU 2009-13, Revenue Recognition (“ASU 2009-13”)) to determine if they represented a multiple element revenue arrangement. The Novartis Agreement includes the following deliverables: (1) an exclusive license to commercialize Fovista outside the United States (the “License Deliverable”); (2) the performance obligation to conduct research and development activities related to the Phase 3 Fovista clinical trials and certain Phase 2 trials for Fovista (the “R&D Activity Deliverable”); and (3) the Company’s obligation to participate on the joint operating committee established under the terms of the Novartis Agreement and related subcommittees (the “Joint Operating Committee Deliverable”). Novartis has the right, subject to the certain approval rights of the Company, to sublicense the exclusive royalty-bearing license to commercialize Fovista in the Novartis Territory. The Company’s obligation to provide access to clinical and regulatory information as part of the License Deliverable includes the obligation to provide access to all clinical data, regulatory filings, safety data and manufacturing data to Novartis which is necessary for commercialization of Fovista in the Novartis Territory. The R&D Activity Deliverable includes the right and responsibility for the Company to conduct the Phase 3 Fovista clinical program and other studies of Fovista in the Novartis Territory which are necessary or desirable for regulatory approval or commercialization of Fovista. The Joint Operating Committee Deliverable includes the obligation to participate in the Joint Operating Committee and related subcommittees at least through the first anniversary of regulatory approval in the European Union. All of these deliverables were deemed to have stand-alone value and to meet the criteria to be accounted for as separate units of accounting under ASC 605-25. Factors considered in this determination included, among other things, the subject of the licenses and the research and development and commercial capabilities of Novartis. Accordingly, each unit will be accounted for separately.

The Novartis Agreement provides that, if the Company elects to terminate the Novartis Agreement because specified governmental actions prevent the parties from materially progressing the development or commercialization of licensed products as described above, the Company will be required to pay a substantial termination fee, with the specific amount of such fee determined based on the effective date of the termination. The Company has concluded that this termination provision constitutes a contingent event that is unknown at the inception of the agreement. As such, the Company has recorded the $200.0 million upfront payment in deferred revenue, long-term until such time that the contingency related to this termination provision is resolved. The Company believes the enrollment milestones and certain of the regulatory milestones that may be achieved under the Novartis Agreement do not meet the recognition criteria within the definition of a milestone included in ASU 2010-17, Revenue Recognition—Milestone Method, and therefore, payments received for the achievement of the enrollment milestones in excess of the termination fee will be included in the allocable arrangement consideration and allocated to the deliverables based upon BESP using the relative selling price method.

The Company believes the remaining regulatory approval milestones that may be achieved under the Novartis Agreement are consistent with the definition of a milestone included in ASU 2010-17, Revenue Recognition—Milestone Method, and, accordingly, the Company will recognize payments related to the achievement of such milestones, if any, when the applicable milestone is achieved. Factors considered in this determination included scientific and regulatory risks that must be overcome to achieve each milestone, the level of effort and investment required to achieve each milestone, and the monetary value attributed to each milestone.

7.                       Royalty Agreement with Novo A/S

In May 2013, the Company entered into a Purchase and Sale Agreement with Novo A/S, which is referred to as the Novo Agreement and which provides for the Company to sell, and Novo A/S to purchase, the right, title, and interest in a portion of the revenues from the sale of (a) Fovista, (b) Fovista-Related Products, and (c) Other Products (each as defined in the Novo Agreement), calculated as low to mid-single digit percentages of net sales.

The Novo Agreement provides for up to three separate purchases for a purchase price of $41.7 million each, at a first, second and third closing, for an aggregate purchase price of $125.0 million. In each purchase, Novo A/S acquires rights to a low single digit percentage of net sales. If all royalty interests under the Novo Agreement are purchased, Novo A/S will have a right to receive royalties on net sales at a mid-single digit percentage.

In each of May 2013 and January 2014, the Company received cash payments of $41.7 million, $83.3 million in the aggregate, for the royalty entitlement related to each of the first and second closing on the date of the Novo Agreement. The Company may elect to receive cash proceeds

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for the third purchase upon the satisfaction of certain triggers and conditions detailed in the Novo Agreement, none of which have occurred prior to the date of these financial statements.

The royalty payment period covered by the Novo Agreement begins on commercial launch and ends, on a product-by-product and country-by-country basis, on the latest to occur of (i) the 12th anniversary of the commercial launch, (ii) the expiration of certain patent rights and (iii) the expiration of the regulatory exclusivity for each product in each country.

Under the terms of the Novo Agreement, the Company is not required to reimburse or otherwise compensate Novo A/S through any means other than the agreed royalty entitlement. In addition, the Company does not, under the terms of the Novo Agreement, have the right or obligation to prepay Novo A/S in connection with a change of control of the Company or otherwise.

The proceeds from the first and second financing tranches under the Novo Agreement were recorded as a liability on the Company’s Balance Sheet as of June 30, 2014, in accordance with ASC Topic 730, Research and Development. Because there is a significant related party relationship between the Company and Novo A/S, the Company is treating its obligation to make royalty payments under the Novo Agreement as an implicit obligation to repay the funds advanced by Novo A/S. As the Company makes royalty payments in accordance with the Novo Agreement, it will reduce the liability balance. At the time that such royalty payments become probable and estimable, and if such amounts exceed the liability balance, the Company will impute interest accordingly on a prospective basis based on such estimates, which would result in a corresponding increase in the liability balance.

The Novo Agreement requires the establishment of a Joint Oversight Committee in the event that Novo A/S does not continue to have a representative on the Company’s board of directors. The Joint Oversight Committee would have responsibilities that include “discussion and review” of all matters related to Fovista research, development, regulatory approval and commercialization, but there is no provision either implicit or explicit that gives the Joint Oversight Committee or its members decision-making authority.

Proceeds of $41.7 million received in 2014 from Novo A/S under the Novo Agreement will be reported as revenue for income tax purposes in 2014.

8.                       Income Taxes

The Company utilizes the liability method of accounting for deferred income taxes. Under this method, deferred tax liabilities and assets are recognized for the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between the carrying amounts and the tax basis of assets and liabilities. A valuation allowance is established against deferred tax assets when, based on the weight of available evidence, it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The Company’s policy is to record interest and penalties on uncertain tax positions as income tax expense. As of June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, the Company does not believe any material uncertain tax positions were present. Accordingly, interest and penalties have not been accrued due to an uncertain tax position and the fact the Company has reported tax losses since inception.

In assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets, the Company considers whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of taxable income during the periods in which the temporary differences representing net future deductible amounts become deductible, and impacted by the Company’s ability to carryback losses to previous years in which the Company had taxable income.  In connection with the $41.7 million the Company received from Novo A/S in January 2014 and the $200.0 million the Company received from Novartis in May 2014, a portion of which has been deferred for income tax purposes, the Company is currently projecting taxable income in 2014, after taking into account the utilization of its federal net operating losses totaling $86.0 million from prior years. As such, the Company currently estimates that it will make income tax payments of approximately $29.5 million during the second half of 2014. Due to the Company’s history of losses and lack of other positive evidence to support taxable income after the 2014 tax year, the Company has recorded a valuation allowance against those deferred tax assets that are not expected to be realized.

Deferred tax assets relating to employee share-based compensation deductions were reduced to reflect exercises of non-qualified stock option grants and vesting of restricted stock. Although certain of these deductions were reported on the corporate tax returns and increased net operating losses, these related tax benefits were not recognized for financial reporting purposes. The Company has unrealized excess tax benefits related to stock based compensation costs of $1.2 million that it expects to credit to stockholder’s equity in future periods.

The Company’s federal, state, and local net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $86.0 million are expected to be utilized in 2014. Utilization of the net operating losses and general business tax credits carryforwards may be subject to a substantial limitation under Sections 382 and 383 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 due to changes in ownership of the Company that have occurred previously or that could occur in the future. These ownership changes may limit the amount of net operating losses and general business tax credits carryforwards that can be utilized annually to offset future taxable income and tax, respectively. In general, an ownership change, as defined by Section 382, results from transactions increasing the ownership of certain stockholders or

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public groups in the stock of a corporation by more than 50 percentage points over a three-year period. The Company has completed a study to determine whether it had undergone an ownership change since the Company’s inception. The Company concluded that it had not undergone an ownership change and the Company expects that it will have the ability to utilize its net operating loss carryforwards against taxable income in 2014.

9.                       Fair Value Measurements

ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures, defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset, or paid to transfer a liability, in the principal or most advantageous market in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. The fair value standard also establishes a three-level hierarchy, which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value.

The valuation hierarchy is based upon the transparency of inputs to the valuation of an asset or liability on the measurement date. The three levels are defined as follows:

·                          Level 1—inputs to the valuation methodology are quoted prices (unadjusted) for an identical asset or liability in an active market. The Company’s Level 1 assets consist of investments in U.S. Treasury money market funds and U.S. Treasury securities.

·                          Level 2—inputs to the valuation methodology include quoted prices for a similar asset or liability in an active market or model-derived valuations in which all significant inputs are observable for substantially the full term of the asset or liability.

·                          Level 3—inputs to the valuation methodology are unobservable and significant to the fair value measurement of the asset or liability.

The following table presents, for each of the fair value hierarchy levels required under ASC 820, the Company’s assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of June 30, 2014:

The following table presents, for each of the fair value hierarchy levels required under ASC 820, the Company’s assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2013:

*                                Investments in U.S. Treasury money market funds and U.S. Treasury securities with maturities less than three months are reflected in cash and cash equivalents in the accompanying Balance Sheets.

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10.                Stock Option and Compensation Plans

The Company adopted its 2007 Stock Incentive Plan (the “2007 Plan”) for employees, directors and consultants for the purpose of advancing the interests of the Company stockholders by enhancing its ability to attract, retain and motivate persons who are expected to make important contributions to the Company. The 2007 Plan provided for the granting of stock option awards, restricted stock awards, and other stock-based and cash-based awards. Following the effectiveness of the 2013 Stock Incentive Plan described below in connection with the closing of the Company’s initial public offering, the Company is no longer granting additional awards under the 2007 Plan.

In August 2013, the Company’s board of directors adopted and the Company’s stockholders approved the 2013 stock incentive plan (the “2013 Plan”), which became effective immediately prior to the closing of the Company’s initial public offering. The 2013 Plan provides for the grant of incentive stock options, nonstatutory stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock awards, restricted stock unit awards, and other stock-based awards. Upon effectiveness of the 2013 Plan, the number of shares of the Company’s common stock that were reserved for issuance under the 2013 Plan was the sum of (1) such number of shares (up to approximately 3,359,641 shares) as is equal to the sum of 739,317 shares (the number of shares of the common stock then available for issuance under the 2007 Plan), and such number of shares of the Company’s common stock that are subject to outstanding awards under the 2007 Plan that expire, terminate or are otherwise surrendered, canceled, forfeited or repurchased by the Company at their original issuance price pursuant to a contractual repurchase right plus (2) an annual increase, to be added the first day of each fiscal year, beginning with the fiscal year ending December 31, 2014 and continuing until, and including, the fiscal year ending December 31, 2023, equal to the lowest of 2,542,372 shares of the Company’s common stock, 4% of the number of shares of the Company’s common stock outstanding on the first day of the fiscal year and an amount determined by its board of directors. The Company’s employees, officers, directors, consultants and advisors are eligible to receive awards under the 2013 Plan. However, incentive stock options may only be granted to employees of the Company.

In connection with the evergreen provisions of the 2013 Plan, the number of shares available for issuance under the 2013 Plan was increased by approximately 1,257,000 shares, effective as of January 1, 2014. As of June 30, 2014, the Company had approximately 3,851,000 stock options and approximately 25,000 restricted stock units outstanding under the 2013 Plan and approximately 499,000 shares available for grant under the 2013 Plan.

Cash proceeds from, and the aggregate intrinsic value of, stock options exercised during the three and six months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively, were as follows:

A summary of the stock options outstanding and exercisable as of June 30, 2014 is as follows:

In connection with stock option awards granted to employees, the Company recognized share-based compensation expense of approximately $2.8 million and $0.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively.   In connection with stock option awards granted to employees, the Company recognized share-based compensation expense of approximately $5.3 million

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and $0.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively. As of June 30, 2014, there was approximately $36.0 million of unrecognized compensation costs, net of estimated forfeitures, related to stock option awards to employees, which are expected to be recognized over a remaining weighted average period of 3.3 years.

In connection with stock options awards granted to consultants, the Company recognized approximately $0.3 million and $0.1 million, in share-based compensation expense during the three months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively.  In connection with stock options awards granted to consultants, the Company recognized approximately $0.5 million and $0.1 million, in share-based compensation expense during the six months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively.  As of June 30, 2014, there was approximately $3.7 million of unrecognized compensation costs, net of estimated forfeitures, related to stock option award granted to consultants which are expected to be recognized over a remaining weighted average period of 3.2 years.

In connection with restricted stock units granted to employees, the Company recognized share-based compensation of approximately $0.1 million in the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2014. The Company did not recognize any share-based compensation expense related to restricted stock units during the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2013. As of June 30, 2014, there was approximately $0.7 million of unrecognized compensation costs, net of estimated forfeitures, related to restricted stock units granted to employees to be recognized over a remaining weighted average period of 1.8 years.

11.                Property and Equipment

Property and equipment at June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013 were as follows:

For the three months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013, depreciation expense was $31 thousand and $3 thousand, respectively. For the six months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013, depreciation expense was $43 thousand and $10 thousand, respectively.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

The following discussion of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our financial statements and the notes to those financial statements appearing elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto and management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2013 included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 11, 2014. This discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve significant risks and uncertainties. As a result of many factors, such as those set forth in Part II, Item 1A. (Risk Factors) of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, our actual results may differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements.

Overview

We are a biopharmaceutical company specializing in the development of novel therapeutics to treat diseases of the back of the eye, with a focus on developing therapeutics for age-related macular degeneration, or AMD. Our most advanced product candidate is Fovista, which is in Phase 3 clinical development for use in combination with anti-VEGF drugs that represent the current standard of care for the treatment of wet AMD. We have completed one Phase 1 and one Phase 2b clinical trial of Fovista administered in combination with the anti-VEGF drug Lucentis. We are also developing our product candidate Zimura, with an initial focus on the treatment of patients with geographic atrophy, a severe form of dry AMD.

We have initiated a pivotal Phase 3 clinical program for Fovista, which consists of three separate Phase 3 clinical trials to evaluate the safety and efficacy of Fovista administered in combination with anti-VEGF drugs for the treatment of wet AMD compared to anti-VEGF monotherapy and are actively enrolling patients in these trials. Two of these trials are evaluating Fovista in combination with Lucentis and the other is evaluating Fovista in combination with each of Eylea or Avastin. We plan to enroll a total of 1,866 patients at more than 225 centers internationally across the three trials.

Based on our estimates regarding patient enrollment, we expect to have initial, top-line data from our Phase 3 clinical program for Fovista available in 2016. If the results of this Phase 3 clinical program are favorable, we plan to submit applications for marketing approval for Fovista in the United States and, together with our commercialization partner Novartis, in the European Union before the end of 2016. We have also initiated a Phase 2a open label study designed to investigate the potential effect of administration of Fovista in combination with anti-VEGF therapy in reducing the formation of subretinal fibrosis in wet AMD patients. We also plan to initiate additional Phase 2 clinical trials in the second half of 2014, which are intended to further evaluate the potential benefit of Fovista in wet AMD, when administered in combination with anti-VEGF drugs. We are also planning additional clinical trials to assess the potential therapeutic benefit of Fovista in other ophthalmic conditions.

On May 19, 2014, we entered into a Licensing and Commercialization Agreement with Novartis Pharma AG, which we refer to as the Novartis Agreement.  Under the Novartis Agreement, we granted Novartis exclusive rights under specified patent rights, know-how and trademarks controlled by us to manufacture, from bulk active pharmaceutical ingredient supplied by us, standalone Fovista products and products combining Fovista with an anti-VEGF product to which Novartis has rights in a co-formulated product, for the treatment, prevention, cure or control of any human disease, disorder or condition of the eye, and to develop and commercialize those licensed products in all countries outside of the United States, which we refer to as the Novartis Territory. We have agreed to use commercially reasonable efforts to complete our ongoing pivotal Phase 3 clinical program for Fovista and Novartis has agreed to use commercially reasonable efforts to develop a standalone Fovista product and a co-formulated product containing Fovista and an anti-VEGF to which Novartis has rights, as well as a pre-filled syringe presentation of such products and to use commercially reasonable efforts, subject to obtaining marketing approval, to commercialize licensed products in the Novartis Territory in accordance with agreed development and marketing plans.

Novartis paid us a $200.0 million upfront fee upon execution of the Novartis Agreement.  Novartis is also obligated to pay us up to an aggregate of $130.0 million if we achieve specified patient enrollment milestones for our ongoing pivotal Phase 3 clinical program for Fovista, and up to an aggregate of an additional $300.0 million upon achievement of specified marketing approval milestones in certain countries in the Novartis Territory.  In addition, Novartis has agreed to pay us up to an aggregate of an additional $400.0 million if Novartis achieves specified sales milestones in the Novartis Territory. Novartis also is obligated to pay us royalties with respect to standalone Fovista products and combination Fovista products that Novartis successfully commercializes.  We will receive royalties at a mid-thirties percentage of net sales of standalone Fovista products and a royalty of approximately equal value for sales of combination Fovista products. Such royalties are subject to customary deductions, credits, and reductions for lack of patent coverage or market exclusivity. Novartis’s obligation to pay such royalties will continue on a licensed product-by-licensed product and country-by-country basis until Novartis’s last actual sale of such licensed product in such country.

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We have retained control over the design and execution of our pivotal Phase 3 clinical program for Fovista and remain responsible for funding the costs of that program, subject to Novartis’s responsibility to provide Lucentis, an anti-VEGF agent to which Novartis has rights in the Novartis Territory, for use in the Phase 3 trials in the Novartis Territory following the effective date of the Novartis Agreement.  Novartis will have control over, and will be responsible for the costs of, all other clinical trials that may be required to obtain marketing approvals in the Novartis Territory for licensed products under the agreement.   Novartis is also responsible for costs associated with co-formulation development, pre-filled syringe development and other development costs in the Novartis Territory, but excluding regulatory filing fees in the European Union for the standalone Fovista product, for which we will be responsible.

We also plan to initiate a Phase 2/3 clinical trial to evaluate the safety and efficacy of Zimura monotherapy in patients with geographic atrophy in late 2014 or early 2015. We are also developing Zimura and Fovista to be administered in combination with anti-VEGF drugs for the treatment of a subpopulation of wet AMD patients who do not respond adequately to treatment with anti-VEGF monotherapy or for whom anti-VEGF monotherapy fails and who are believed to have complement mediated inflammation. We plan to initiate a Phase 2 clinical trial of Zimura and Fovista administered in combination with an anti-VEGF drug in this second indication in 2015.

We were incorporated and commenced active operations in 2007. Our operations to date have been limited to organizing and staffing our company, acquiring rights to product candidates, business planning, raising capital and developing Fovista, Zimura and other product candidates. We acquired our rights to Fovista from (OSI) Eyetech, Inc., or Eyetech, in July 2007. The acquisition included an assignment of license rights and obligations under an agreement with Archemix Corp. We have licensed rights to our product candidate Zimura from Archemix Corp. Since inception, we have incurred significant operating losses. Our net loss was $73.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2014, and $51.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2013. As of June 30, 2014, we had an accumulated deficit of $256.2 million.  We have not generated any revenues from product sales and have financed our operations primarily through private placements of our preferred stock, venture debt borrowings, funding under our royalty purchase and sale agreement with Novo A/S, our initial public offering, which we closed in September 2013, our follow-on public offering of common stock, which we closed in February 2014, and the Novartis Agreement. We received net proceeds from the initial public offering of $175.6 million, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and other offering expenses payable by us. We received net proceeds from the follow-on public offering of $55.4 million, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and other offering expenses payable by us. We have received $83.3 million of royalty funding to date under our royalty purchase and sale agreement with Novo A/S, which we refer to as the Novo Agreement. We also received an upfront payment of $200.0 million from Novartis upon the execution of the Novartis Agreement. In connection with the receipt of the payment from Novartis, we made a milestone payment in June 2014 of approximately $19.8 million under one of our agreements.  We currently estimate that we will make income tax payments of approximately $29.5 million during the second half of 2014 relating to taxable income that resulted from the receipt of the $200.0 million upfront payment from Novartis and $41.7 million in proceeds from the Novo Agreement.

We initiated our pivotal Phase 3 clinical program for Fovista in August 2013. We expect our expenses to continue to increase substantially, particularly as we continue the development of Fovista in our Phase 3 clinical program for the treatment of wet AMD. We plan to enroll a total of 1,866 patients for this program, most of which we expect to enroll in 2014 and 2015. In addition, we also expect our expenses to increase as we further evaluate the potential benefit of Fovista in wet AMD, when administered in combination with anti-VEGF drugs, and in other ophthalmic diseases and conditions with unmet need and pursue the development of Zimura, with an initial focus on the treatment of geographic atrophy, a severe form of dry AMD, and pursue an additional planned clinical trial evaluating Zimura and Fovista administered in combination with an anti-VEGF drug for the treatment of anti-VEGF resistant wet AMD patients who are believed to have complement mediated inflammation.  We expect these expenses to increase as patient enrollment increases in these clinical trials. In addition, if we obtain marketing approval for Fovista, Zimura or any other product candidate that we may develop, we expect to incur significant commercialization expenses related to product sales, marketing, distribution and manufacturing. Furthermore, we are incurring and will continue to incur additional costs associated with operating as a public company, hiring additional personnel and expanding our facilities. These costs include significant legal, accounting, investor relations and other expenses that we did not incur as a private company. Moreover, additional rules and regulations applicable to public companies will increase our legal and financial compliance costs and will make some activities more time-consuming and costly.

Our ability to become and remain profitable depends on our ability to generate revenue in excess of our expenses. We do not expect to generate and maintain significant revenue unless, and until, we obtain marketing approval for, and commercialize, Fovista, Zimura or other product candidates that we may develop. We may be unsuccessful in our efforts to develop and commercialize these product candidates. Even if we succeed in developing and commercializing one or more of our product candidates, we may never achieve sufficient sales revenue to achieve or maintain profitability. Our capital requirements will also depend on many other factors, including whether we pursue the acquisition or in-licensing and subsequent development of additional product candidates. We may need to obtain substantial additional funding in connection with our continuing operations. If we are unable to raise capital when needed or on attractive terms, we could be forced to delay, reduce or eliminate our research and development programs or any future commercialization efforts.

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Financial Operations Overview

Revenue

To date, we have not generated any revenues from product sales. In the future, we may generate revenue from a combination of product sales and license fees, milestone payments and research and development activity-related payments and royalties in connection with the Novartis Agreement. We expect that any revenue we generate will fluctuate from quarter to quarter as a result of the timing and amount of certain milestone and other payments, if any, that we may receive from Novartis and the amount and timing of payments that we receive upon the sale of our products, to the extent any are successfully commercialized. We do not expect to generate revenue from products sales until 2017 at the earliest. If we fail to complete the development of Fovista, Zimura or other product candidates we may develop, in a timely manner or obtain regulatory approval for them, our ability to generate future revenue and our results of operations and financial position, would be materially adversely affected.

Research and Development Expenses

Research and development expenses consist of costs associated with the development and clinical testing of Fovista and Zimura. Our research and development expenses consist of:

·                          external research and development expenses incurred under arrangements with third parties, such as contract research organizations, or CROs, and other vendors, contract manufacturing organizations and consultants; and

·                          employee-related expenses, including salaries, benefits, travel and share-based compensation expense.

All research and development costs are charged to operations as incurred in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board Accounting Standards Codification, or ASC, 730 Topic, Research and Development. We account for non-refundable advance payments for goods and services that will be used in future research and development activities as expenses when the service has been performed or when the goods have been received, rather than when the payment is made.

To date, the large majority of our research and development work has been related to Fovista, Zimura and a product candidate, volociximab, that we were previously developing for the treatment of wet AMD. We licensed rights to volociximab in January 2008 and then terminated the license agreement in May 2012 to focus on the development of Fovista. We anticipate that our research and development expenses will increase substantially in connection with our ongoing activities, particularly as we continue the development of and seek marketing approval for Fovista, Zimura and, possibly, other product candidates.

We do not currently utilize a formal time allocation system to capture expenses on a project-by-project basis because we record expenses by functional department. Accordingly, we do not allocate expenses to individual projects or product candidates, although we do allocate some portion of our research and development expenses by functional area and by compound, as shown below.

The following table summarizes our research and development expenses for the three and six months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013:

As of June 30, 2014, we had cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities of $452.5 million, which includes the $200.0 million upfront payment that we received upon the execution of the Novartis Agreement. We also had $318.7 million in total liabilities as of June 30, 2014, including long-term liabilities of $283.3 million relating to the Novo Agreement and deferred revenue associated with the Novartis Agreement. In connection with the receipt of the payment from Novartis, we made a milestone payment in June

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2014 of approximately $19.8 million under one of our agreements.  We currently estimate that we will make income tax payments of approximately $29.5 million in the second half of 2014 relating to taxable income that resulted from the receipt of the $200.0 million upfront payment from Novartis and $41.7 million in proceeds from the Novo Agreement.

We believe that our existing cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities will be sufficient to fund our operations and capital expenditure requirements, as currently planned, through the end of 2017. We expect to obtain initial, top-line data from our Phase 3 clinical program for Fovista in 2016. Our capital requirements will depend on many factors, including the success of our development and commercialization of our product candidates and whether we pursue the acquisition or in-licensing and subsequent development of additional product candidates.

We expect to spend significant additional funds on our Phase 3 clinical program for Fovista, our other planned clinical programs, including additional clinical trials to further evaluate the potential benefit of Fovista in wet AMD, when administered in combination with anti-VEGF drugs, and in other ophthalmic diseases and conditions with unmet medical need, an additional planned clinical trial evaluating Zimura for the treatment of geographic atrophy and pursue an additional planned clinical trial evaluating Zimura and Fovista administered in combination with an anti-VEGF drug for the treatment of anti-VEGF resistant wet AMD patients who are believed to have complement mediated inflammation, and for general corporate purposes and working capital. Costs related to our clinical programs could exceed our expectations if we experience delays in our clinical trials, including because of the timing of our patient enrollment, the availability and costs of drug supply for our clinical trials or for other reasons. Our costs will also increase if we increase investigator fees for our clinical trials or expand the scope of our clinical trials and programs, or change the geographic mix of sites at which patients are enrolled, or increase other corporate or licensing activities, or staffing.

Our current Phase 3 clinical program for Fovista is expected to continue through at least 2017, and substantial expenditures to complete the Phase 3 clinical program will be required after the receipt of initial, top-line data and to fund our other development programs. Moreover, we are at the early stages of formulating our clinical development plan for Zimura. We expect the clinical development of Zimura will continue for at least the next several years. At this time, we cannot reasonably estimate the remaining costs necessary to complete the clinical development of either Fovista or Zimura, complete process development and manufacturing scale-up activities associated with Fovista and Zimura and seek marketing approval for Fovista or Zimura, or the nature, timing or costs of the efforts necessary to complete the development of any other product candidate we may develop.

The successful development of our product candidates is highly uncertain. This is due to the numerous risks and uncertainties associated with developing drugs, including the uncertainty of:

·                          the scope, rate of progress and expense of our research and development activities;

·                          the potential benefits of our product candidates over other therapies;

·                          our and our commercialization partner’s ability to market, commercialize and achieve market acceptance for any of our product candidates;

·                          clinical trial results;

·                          the terms and timing of regulatory approvals; and

·                          our ability to successfully file, prosecute, defend and enforce patent claims and other intellectual property rights, together with associated expenses.

A change in the outcome of any of these variables with respect to the development of Fovista, Zimura or any other product candidate we may develop could mean a significant change in the costs and timing associated with the development of that product candidate. For example, if regulatory authorities were to require us to conduct clinical trials beyond those which we currently anticipate will be required for the completion of clinical development of Fovista or any other product candidate or if we experience significant delays in enrollment in any clinical trials, we could be required to expend significant additional financial resources and time on the completion of the clinical development.

General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expenses consist primarily of salaries and related costs for personnel, including share-based compensation expense, in our executive, finance and business development functions. Other general and administrative expenses include facility costs and professional fees for legal, patent, consulting and accounting services.

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We anticipate that our general and administrative expenses will increase in future periods to support increases in our research and development and commercialization activities and as a result of increased headcount, including management personnel to support our clinical and manufacturing activities, expanded infrastructure, increased legal, compliance, accounting and investor and public relations expenses associated with being a public company and increased insurance premiums, among other factors.

Interest Income

Our cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities are invested primarily in U.S. Treasury money market funds and U.S. Treasury securities, which generate a small amount of interest income. We expect to continue that investment philosophy as we obtain more financing proceeds.

Critical Accounting Policies and Significant Judgments and Estimates

Our management’s discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based on our financial statements, which we have prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities and expenses and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities in our financial statements. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates and judgments, including those related to accrued expenses and share-based compensation described in greater detail below. We base our estimates on our limited historical experience, known trends and events and various other factors that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

Our significant accounting policies are described in more detail in the notes to our financial statements appearing elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Of those policies, we believe that the following accounting policies are the most critical to aid our stockholders in fully understanding and evaluating our financial condition and results of operations.

Accrued Research and Development Expenses

As part of the process of preparing our financial statements, we are required to estimate our accrued expenses. This process involves reviewing quotations and contracts, identifying services that have been performed on our behalf and estimating the level of service performed and the associated cost incurred for the service when we have not yet been invoiced or otherwise notified of the actual cost. The majority of our service providers invoice us monthly in arrears for services performed or when contractual milestones are met. We make estimates of our accrued expenses as of each balance sheet date in our financial statements based on facts and circumstances known to us at that time. We periodically confirm the accuracy of our estimates with the service providers and make adjustments if necessary. The significant estimates in our accrued research and development expenses are related to fees paid or payable to CROs and other vendors in connection with research and development activities for which we have not yet been invoiced.

We base our expenses related to CROs on our estimates of the services received and efforts expended pursuant to quotes and contracts with CROs that conduct research and development on our behalf. The financial terms of these agreements are subject to negotiation, vary from contract to contract and may result in uneven payment flows. There may be instances in which payments made to our vendors will exceed the level of services provided and result in a prepayment of the research and development expense. In accruing service fees, we estimate the time period over which services will be performed and the level of effort to be expended in each period. If the actual timing of the performance of services or the level of effort varies from our estimate, we adjust the accrual or prepaid expense accordingly. Although we do not expect our estimates to be materially different from amounts actually incurred, our understanding of the status and timing of services performed relative to the actual status and timing of services performed may vary and could result in us reporting amounts that are too high or too low in any particular period. There have been no material changes in estimates for the periods presented.

Revenue Recognition

To date, we have not generated any revenue. In the future, we may generate revenues from a combination of products sales and license fees, milestone payments and research and development activity-related payments and royalties in connection with the Novartis Agreement.  The terms of this agreement and other potential collaboration or commercialization agreements we may enter into generally contain multiple elements, or deliverables, which may include (i) licenses, or options to obtain licenses, to our technology, (ii) research and development activities to be performed on behalf of the collaborative partner, and (iii) in certain cases, services in connection with the manufacturing of pre-clinical and clinical material. Payments to us under these arrangements typically include one or more of the following: non-refundable, up-front license fees; option exercise fees; funding of research and/or development efforts; milestone payments; and royalties on future product sales.

When evaluating multiple element arrangements, we consider whether the deliverables under the arrangement represent separate units of accounting. This evaluation requires subjective determinations and requires management to make judgments about the individual deliverables and whether such deliverables are separable from the other aspects of the contractual relationship. In determining the units of accounting, management evaluates certain criteria, including whether the deliverables have standalone value, based on the consideration of the relevant facts and circumstances for each arrangement. The consideration received is allocated

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among the separate units of accounting using the relative selling price method, and the applicable revenue recognition criteria are applied to each of the separate units.

We determine the estimated selling price for deliverables within each agreement using vendor-specific objective evidence (“VSOE”) of selling price, if available, third-party evidence (“TPE”) of selling price if VSOE is not available, or best estimate of selling price (“BESP”) if neither VSOE nor TPE is available. Determining the best estimate of selling price for a deliverable requires significant judgment. We use BESP to estimate the selling price for licenses to our proprietary technology, since we often do not have VSOE or TPE of selling price for these deliverables. In those circumstances where we utilize BESP to determine the estimated selling price of a license to our proprietary technology, we consider market conditions as well as entity-specific factors, including those factors contemplated in negotiating the agreements as well as internally developed models that include assumptions related to the market opportunity, estimated development costs, probability of success and the time needed to commercialize a product candidate pursuant to the license. In validating our best estimate of selling price, we evaluate whether changes in the key assumptions used to determine the best estimate of selling price will have a significant effect on the allocation of arrangement consideration among multiple deliverables.

We received an up-front, non-refundable payment of $200.0 million in connection with the Novartis Agreement, which has not been recorded as revenue due to certain contingencies associated with the payment. When management believes the license to its intellectual property and products has stand-alone value, we generally recognize revenue attributed to the license upon delivery. When management believes such a license does not have stand-alone value from the other deliverables to be provided in the arrangement, we generally recognize revenue attributed to the license on a straight-line basis over our contractual or estimated performance period, which is typically the term of our research and development obligations. If management cannot reasonably estimate when our performance obligation ends, then revenue is deferred until management can reasonably estimate when the performance obligation ends. The periods over which revenue should be recognized are subject to estimates by management and may change over the course of the research and development agreement. Such a change could have a material impact on the amount of revenue we record in future periods.

At the inception of arrangements that include milestone payments, we evaluate whether each milestone is substantive and at risk to both parties on the basis of the contingent nature of the milestone. This evaluation includes an assessment of whether (a) the consideration is commensurate with either (1) the entity’s performance to achieve the milestone, or (2) the enhancement of the value of the delivered item(s) as a result of a specific outcome resulting from the entity’s performance to achieve the milestone, (b) the consideration relates solely to past performance, and (c) the consideration is reasonable relative to all of the deliverables and payment terms within the arrangement. We evaluate factors such as the scientific, regulatory, commercial and other risks that must be overcome to achieve the respective milestone, the level of effort and investment required to achieve the respective milestone and whether the milestone consideration is reasonable relative to all deliverables and payment terms in the arrangement in making this assessment.

We aggregate our milestones into three categories: (i) clinical and development milestones, (ii) regulatory milestones, and (iii) commercial milestones. Clinical and development milestones are typically achieved when a product candidate advances into a defined phase of clinical research or completes such phase. Regulatory milestones are typically achieved upon acceptance of the submission for marketing approval of a product candidate or upon approval to market the product candidate by the FDA or other global regulatory authorities. For example, a milestone payment may be due to us upon the FDA’s acceptance of an NDA. Commercial milestones are typically achieved when an approved pharmaceutical product reaches certain defined levels of net sales by the licensee, such as when a product first achieves global sales or annual sales of a specified amount.

Revenues from clinical and development and regulatory milestone payments, if the milestones are deemed substantive and the milestone payments are nonrefundable, are recognized upon successful accomplishment of the milestones. With regards to the Novartis Agreement, we have concluded that the clinical and development milestones and certain regulatory milestones are not substantive and that the regulatory approval milestones pursuant to the Novartis Agreement are substantive. Milestones payments received that are not considered substantive are included in the allocable arrangement consideration and are recognized as revenue in proportion to the relative-selling price allocation established at the inception of the arrangement.  Revenues from commercial milestone payments are accounted for as royalties and are recorded as revenue upon achievement of the milestone, assuming all other revenue recognition criteria are met.

Royalty Purchase Liability

The proceeds from the first and second financing tranches under the Novo Agreement have been recorded as a liability on our balance sheet in accordance with ASC Topic 730, Research and Development. Because there is a significant related party relationship between us and Novo A/S, we are treating our obligation to make royalty payments under the Novo agreement as an implicit obligation to repay the funds advanced by Novo A/S, and thus have recorded the proceeds as a liability on our balance sheet. As we make royalty payments to Novo A/S in accordance with the Novo agreement, we will reduce the liability balance. At the time that

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such royalty payments become probable and estimable, and if such amounts exceed the liability balance, we will impute interest accordingly on a prospective basis based on such estimates, which would result in a corresponding increase in the liability balance.

Share-Based Compensation

We account for all share-based compensation payments issued to employees, directors, and non-employees using an option pricing model for estimating fair value. Accordingly, share-based compensation expense is measured based on the estimated fair value of the awards on the date of grant, net of forfeitures. We recognize compensation expense for the portion of the award that is ultimately expected to vest over the period during which the recipient renders the required services to us using the straight-line single option method. In accordance with authoritative guidance, we re-measure the fair value of non-employee share-based awards as the awards vest, and recognize the resulting value, if any, as expense during the period the related services are rendered.

We apply the fair value recognition provisions of ASC Topic 718, Compensation—Stock Compensation. Determining the amount of share-based compensation to be recorded requires us to develop estimates of the fair value of stock options as of their grant date. We recognize share-based compensation expense ratably over the requisite service period, which in most cases is the vesting period of the award. Calculating the fair value of share-based awards requires that we make highly subjective assumptions.

We use the Black-Scholes option pricing model to value our stock option awards. Use of this valuation methodology requires that we make assumptions as to the volatility of our common stock, the expected term of our stock options, the risk free interest rate for a period that approximates the expected term of our stock options and the expected dividend yield of our common stock. As a new public company, we do not have sufficient history to estimate the volatility of our common stock price or the expected life of the options. We calculate expected volatility based on reported data for similar publicly traded companies for which historical information is available and will continue to do so until the historical volatility of our common stock is sufficient to measure expected volatility for future option grants.

We use the simplified method as prescribed by the Securities and Exchange Commission Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 107, Share-Based Payment, to calculate the expected term of stock option grants to employees as we do not have sufficient historical exercise data to provide a reasonable basis upon which to estimate the expected term of stock options granted to employees. The risk-free interest rate used for each grant is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant for instruments with a similar expected life. We utilize a dividend yield of zero based on the fact that we have never paid cash dividends and have no current intention to pay cash dividends. The weighted-average assumptions used to estimate grant date fair value of stock options using the Black-Scholes option pricing model were as follows for the three and six months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013:

We are also required to estimate forfeitures at the time of grant, and revise those estimates in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from our estimates. We use historical data to estimate pre-vesting option forfeitures and record share-based compensation expense only for those awards that are expected to vest. To the extent that actual forfeitures differ from our estimates, the difference is recorded as a cumulative adjustment in the period the estimates were revised. Through June 30, 2014, actual forfeitures have not been material.

Share-based compensation expense for equity grants to employees and non-employees was $3.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2014 and $0.4 million for the three months ended June 30, 2013.  Share-based compensation expense for equity grants to employees and non-employees was $5.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2014 and $0.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2013. As of June 30, 2014, we had $40.4 million of total unrecognized share-based compensation expense, which we expect to recognize over a weighted-average remaining vesting period of approximately 3.2 years. We expect our share-based compensation for our share-based awards to employees and non-employees to increase as a result of recognizing our existing unrecognized share-based compensation for awards that will vest and as we issue additional share-based awards to attract and retain our employees.

For the three and six months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013, we allocated share-based compensation as follows:

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Income Taxes

As of December 31, 2013, we had approximately $86.0 million of federal net operating loss carry-forwards. We also had federal and state research and development tax credit carry-forwards of approximately $3.0 million available to offset future taxable income.

In January 2014, we received $41.7 million from Novo A/S under the Novo Agreement, which will be reported as revenue for income tax purposes. In May 2014, we received $200.0 million from Novartis in connection with Novartis Agreement, a portion of which will be reported as revenue for income tax purposes. As a result of these payments, and after taking into account the utilization of our federal net operating loss carry-forwards, we are projecting taxable income for the 2014 tax year.  These projections are based upon estimates, which could change in the future. We currently estimate that we will be required to make income tax payments of approximately $29.5 million relating to the payments received from Novo and Novartis in 2014. In addition, we expect that the valuation allowance on certain of our deferred tax assets will be released, where appropriate.  See Note 8 to our financial statements in Part I-Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on form 10-Q for further information regarding our expectations with respect to our income tax provision.

JOBS Act

As an “emerging growth company” under the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012, we have been entitled to take advantage of an extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards. This allows an emerging growth company to delay the adoption of certain accounting standards until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies. We have elected to delay our adoption of such new or revised accounting standards. As a result of this election, our financial statements may not be comparable to the financial statements of other public companies. Commencing in January 1, 2015, we will no longer qualify for such status and we will need to comply with all new or revised accounting standards applicable to other public companies. We do not expect this prospective change in status to have a material impact on our 2015 financial position or results of operations.

Results of Operations

Comparison of Three Month Periods Ended June 30, 2014 and 2013

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Revenue

We did not recognize any revenue for the three months ended June 30, 2014 or for the three months ended June 30, 2013.

Research and Development Expenses

Our research and development expenses were $34.7 million for the three months ended June 30, 2014, an increase of $30.4 million compared to $4.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2013. The increase was primarily due to a milestone payment of $19.8 million that we made in June 2014 in connection with the Novartis Agreement and costs associated with our Fovista Phase 3 clinical program, including clinical trial costs and the costs to manufacture Fovista for the trials as we continue to progress the Fovista Phase 3 clinical program.  Other contributing factors include increased personnel costs associated with additional management and research and development staffing, including share-based compensation expense. We initiated our pivotal Phase 3 clinical program for Fovista in August 2013.

General and Administrative Expenses

Our general and administrative expenses for the three months ended June 30, 2014 were $7.6 million, an increase of $4.3 million compared to $3.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2013. The increase was primarily due to an increase in personnel costs, including additional management and corporate staffing to support our public company infrastructure and increased share-based compensation, and professional services and consulting fees.

Interest Income (Expense), net

Net interest income for the three months ended June 30, 2014 was $0.1 million compared to net interest expense of $1.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2013. Net interest income earned during the three months ended June 30, 2014 was a result of a significant increase in our cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities average balances during the three months ended June 30, 2014 as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2013.  The amounts recorded in the three months ended June 30, 2013 were related to interest associated with our venture debt facility that we entered into in June 2012. The debt facility was paid off in May 2013 and as such, there was no corresponding interest expense during the three months ended June 30, 2014.

Other Loss

There was no other loss recorded for the three months ended June 30, 2014 compared to other loss of $0.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2013.  Amounts recorded as other loss were due to the change in fair value of the preferred stock warrant liability recorded in the second quarter of 2013. Upon completion of our initial public offering in September 30, 2013, the preferred stock warrants were converted to common stock warrants and are now treated as permanent equity.

Provision for Income Taxes

The provision for income taxes recorded for the three months ended June 30, 2014 was $10.3 million. This primarily relates to an increase in projected taxable income for 2014, which was a result of payments we received from Novartis and Novo A/S totaling approximately $241.7 million. For the three months ended June 30, 2013, we did not record a provision for income taxes due to our significant operating losses.

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Comparison of Six Month Periods Ended June 30, 2014 and 2013